Sensitiveness Analysis: Hukou Type and you can Hukou Locality

As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).

It relationships is especially solid for the Shenzhen

Complete, along with supporting evidence of good dyadic replace, particularly in Shenzhen, i in addition to see supportive research to own industry change, because migrants are more likely to marry a city mate (we.e., to form hukou intermarriage) because their knowledge grows. The Ruotsi posti morsian maksaa outcome highly recommend increased likelihood of hukou locality-knowledge change to possess low-college-educated migrants inside the Shenzhen compared to Shanghai, but a comparable likelihood of hukou locality-studies exchange throughout these a few metropolises for college or university-experienced migrants, which supports Theory step three that all the way down odds of hukou area-education exchange inside Shanghai, compared to the Shenzhen, retains getting non-college-experienced migrants although not to have college or university-knowledgeable migrants.

Based on Model 5 of Dining table dos and you will Profile 2 , regional spouses’ education isn’t associated with the journal-odds of hukou area intermarriage, hence dating cannot differ among them metropolitan areas

To date, i’ve sensed only intermarriage anywhere between neighbors and you can migrants, in the place of identifying ranging from several hukou versions. Within decide to try, residents are predominantly urban hukou holders whereas migrants generally keep rural hukou in places. Specifically, into the Shanghai, regarding 85% out-of locals however, no more than 20% of migrants has actually metropolitan hukou. Inside the Shenzhen, all residents keep urban hukou, but only about thirty-five% from migrants try urban hukou holders. The fresh scientific change out of hukou sort of anywhere between natives and you will migrants implies a possibility of hukou style of replace contained in this inter-hukou-locality ine whether hukou kind of influences all of our overall performance.

Basic, we glance at the fresh delivery off hukou type of one of intermarriages away from hukou area. Because the shown inside Shape A1, more than half the fresh new lovers where several spouses disagree for the hukou locality setting homogamy in terms of hukou type. This really is consistent with prior findings that every Chinese age hukou method of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & The guy, 2014). A beneficial gender asymmetric pattern regarding hukou interong couples of an excellent migrant partner and a community spouse, simply eleven% is rural-husband-urban-wife people whereas 86% was metropolitan-husband-urban-spouse lovers. However, certainly one of people where in fact the spouse was a beneficial Shanghai regional resident and also the partner try a migrant, 45% are urban-husband-rural-wife lovers. To phrase it differently, whenever female which have Shanghai hukou marry migrants, they tend in order to wed urban migrants, while men which have Shanghai hukou which marry migrant female commonly wed outlying migrants. When you look at the Shenzhen, which gender trend is reduced pronounced: 26% out-of migrant-husband-local-wife couples features a metropolitan partner and an outlying husband, while a dozen% out of local-husband-migrant-partner couples cover an urban partner and you can a rural spouse. These types of findings recommend that inside Shanghai relationship sector, both hukou locality and hukou type design intermarriage patterns, but in Shenzhen hukou sort of appears shorter crucial. It after that supports our very own findings about hukou hindrance are healthier inside Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.

Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? _{Shenzhen*hukou homogamy} =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>