I rooked an existing database, oriented because of the our look group, for the refreshments consumption to possess 984 grownups

dos. Information and methods

Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>

In particular, the brand new WBQ will bring: (A) investigation on the profile of your own participant; (B) tape from usage into time of the earlier month away from strong and you will liquid dining, water or drinks from a partial-quantitative dining frequency questionnaire (FFQ) away from 58 meals verified having quoting energy intake while the a lot more sugar and you may honey that’s put into beverages; and you can (C) quote regarding physical activity with their the brand new Around the world Exercise Survey (IPAQ) , and this information time of physical working out within about three passion levels (serious, average, lighter do it) or sedentary conditions. The new IPAQ might have been confirmed prior to now since a cross-federal means to have recording physical exercise [20,21,22] and also to imagine energy expense.

The power and you may liquids posts regarding registered foods and drinks try reviewed by using the Eating plan Studies Including (Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., Belmont, California, USA), and that uses constitution analysis regarding USDA National Nutrient Databases and selected Greek edibles (i.elizabeth., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek natural yogurt, lentiles kidney beans soup, numerous Greek pies, souvlaki, overflowing tomatoes) . Centered on total times intake and effort costs, energy harmony is actually evaluated as well.

Inside research, “drinks” identifies fruits juice or packaged juice 100% instead glucose posts, sugar-sweet drinks (SSDs) (fresh fruit nectar having sugar, sodas with glucose and energy/isotonic products), low calorie carbonated drinks, beverage and you can organic infusions, milk (all types of dairy, delicious chocolate milk products and you will cocoa drink), milkshake and you can sherbets, coffee and coffee drinks, and you will liquor (beer, drink as well as type of alcoholic beverages). “Take in energy intake (DEI)” means time intake away from products “full energy consumption (TEI)” to help you energy consumption away from all of the supply and you can “energy intake of meals” so you’re able to times intake of strong and you can liquid foods (e.grams., soups). The brand new sum regarding beverages groups to help you full opportunity consumption (data regarding Malisova ainsi que al. 2013), shown since full drinking habits (TWI), we.e., drinking water away from drinks, liquids, strong and you may water foods so that as take in water intake (DWI), i.age., h2o of products and you will water.

3. Analytical Research

Answers are demonstrated since the imply ± sd with the usually distributed variables and average (P25–P75) on the skewed of them. Normality was looked at making use of the probability–opportunities area (P–P patch) and histograms. Differences when considering individuals concerning your total opportunity intake, energy out of drinks, time off food, time cost, times balance, drinking habits, water from h2o and you may beverages, drinking water regarding products, liquids out-of drinking water, liquids from food, h2o losings and water equilibrium was basically analyzed on the independent decide to try t-try to your normally distributed parameters and also the Mann-Whittney You-take to on skewed of those. Likewise, differences when considering the five quartiles of time off drinks were reviewed for the that-way ANOVA F-try to the usually marketed parameters as well as the Kruskal-Wallis H Sample on the skewed of those. Benefit level try put in the 5%. Correlations amongst the sum regarding products to help you intake of water in the family members so you’re able to energy from inside the winter season and you kuumat sinkku Irlanti-naiset may summer have been checked-out by Pearson’s or Spearman’s relationship coefficients having usually marketed otherwise skewed details. Every mathematical analyses did having fun with PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chi town, IL, USA).