cuatro Location and thermal qualities from very sizzling hot summertimes (EHS)

4.1 EHS through the 1951–1980

The only EHS covering at least three stations during the first half of the 60-year study period occurred in 1972. Observed at 16 stations, it covered vast areas of western Russia and some adjacent areas to the north (Fig. 1). Indeed, this exceptionally hot summer was spatially the second largest during the study period and in the northern half of the area examined it was the hottest (Table 4). During all three summer months, the average temperature was above the long-term average, but August was the hottest. In the central part of the area, this was the hottest August of the entire period. The temperature difference between the long-term average and the temperature of the particular season ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 °C in the far north, to 3.6–3.9 °C in the far south, to 4.5 °C at Tambov (t ? t _av + 3?). Days with a temperature higher than 30 °C were recorded even in the north, where they were very rare in other years, while in the south there were 50 such days (two to three times more than the average). In the south, there were also days with a maximum temperature greater than 35 °C. Throughout the area there were cases of hot nights, i.e., 24-h days with a minimum temperature higher than 20 °C, including for example six such days in Arhangel’sk (compared to 0.4 on average) and 17 in Voronez (normally 2.6).

This type of unusual thermal anomalies inside western Russia were because of a great quasi-stationary anticyclonic circulation (Bardin 2007). Present look (Zveryaev ainsi que al. 2012) implies that the summer out of 1972 try characterised by positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation.

4.2 EHS through the 1981–1990

New exceptional june of this season secure new central and you will east parts of European Russia (Fig. 2). The fresh EHS try observed during the eight programs, such as the easternmost Ivdel’ (where it actually was the only instance june inside the several months) and you can Ekaterinburg. Inside the Kirov and you may Perm, this is the hottest june of the period. An average sky temperature along the area is actually greater than the fresh long-term average of the 2.5–step 3.step 3 °C. Heat are Arad sexy women more than new long-term average in every about three summer time, but August is the only exceptionally scorching month and only within 1 / 2 of the channels (including the preferred of whole period in the Ivdel’, Ekaterinburg and you will Perm), if you find yourself June and you can July failed to meet the standard. There was a number of weeks with an optimum temperatures greater than 30 °C, especially in brand new south (20–25, normally nine–11). Simply about southwestern part of the area, there are months having minimum heat exceeding 20 °C (Dining table 5).

The summer from 1988 was exceedingly sizzling hot and you will, such as 1981, air temperatures defects secure main and eastern parts of Western european Russia, whilst affected region was less related to merely four programs (Fig. 2). For the about three north programs, it was the latest, plus in possible from Kotlas, and the just EHS on the study period. The difference between an average a lot of time-label and also the EHS average temperature varied out-of dos.step 3 to 3.step 1 °C across the area. July turned-out like hot (within particular programs the latest of several months). Only during the Ekaterinburg performed the heat end lacking conference brand new conditions in just about any of the weeks. There were over ten days that have an optimum temperatures significantly more than 30 °C at all the fresh station, along with the southern area, the amount are nearly 20 (than the anywhere between around three and you can half dozen normally). Just remote instances of days with the very least temperatures significantly more than 20 °C had been recorded regarding the south of your own affected region (Dining table 5).